The goal of building systems that can adapt to their environments and
learn from their experience has attracted researchers from many fields,
including computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Out of this research has come a wide
variety of learning techniques that are transforming many industrial and
scientific fields. Recently, several research communities have converged
on a common set of issues surrounding supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems